axis=0 It will act on all the ROWS in each column, means along "indexes". It's a row-wise operation. axis=1 It will act on all the COLUMNS in each row, means along "columns". It's a column-wise operation.a = np.array([[1, 2]])b = np.array([[5, 6]])row_wise=np.concatenate((a, b), axis=0)column_wise=np.concatenate((a, b), axis=1)print(row_wise)print(column_wise)>>>[[1 2] [5 6]] [[1 2 5 6]]- multi ..